Micro Environer

A Review on Production of Chitosan Nanoparticles from Shrimp Shells

2023-11-27T11:16:20+01:00

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, holds immense promise in various industries due to its versatile properties. Among its most innovative applications are chitosan nanoparticles, which have significant attention for their potential in drug delivery, agriculture, food preservation, and wastewater treatment. This comprehensive review explores the production, characterization, applications, biocompatibility, and prospects of chitosan nanoparticles synthesized from shrimp shells, a sustainable and abundant source of chitin. The review begins by elucidating the significance of chitosan nanoparticles in addressing contemporary challenges in drug delivery, particularly their ability to enhance drug solubility, improve bioavailability, and provide controlled release. Various production methods, including ionic gelation, emulsion cross-linking, and others, are dissected to provide an understanding of their advantage`s, limitations, and the quality of nanoparticles they yield. Detailed descriptions of characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), are furnished to underscore their pivotal role in determining the structural and functional properties of chitosan nanoparticles. Their role in agriculture, where they contribute to crop protection and nutrient delivery, is examined alongside their applications in food preservation, where they exhibit antimicrobial properties. Their proficiency in wastewater treatment, particularly in heavy metal removal and water purification, is also deliberated. This review underscores the multifaceted potential of chitosan nanoparticles produced from shrimp shells. These nanoparticles, derived from an abundant seafood industry byproduct, exemplify sustainable and eco-friendly nanotechnology with the potential to revolutionize various sectors, making them a subject of great scientific and industrial interest

A Review on Unveiling the Secrets of Epitranscriptomics: RNA Modifications in Health and Diseases

2023-11-27T11:07:18+01:00

Advancements in epi transcriptomics have reshaped our understanding of RNA’s intricate roles in cellular processes and disease. This abstract provides insights into the emerging field of epi transcriptomics, highlighting its significant implications for health and disease. Epi transcriptomics has unveiled various chemical modifications decorating RNA molecules, akin to DNA’s epigenetic marks, intricately governing RNA structure and function. Modern research has elucidated the intricate mechanisms underlying these RNA modifications, emphasizing their crucial roles in various cellular processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification, influences gene expression, mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, impacting cellular responses to external stimuli and their implications for diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Similarly, 5-methylcytosine (m5C), analogous to DNA methylation, governs RNA stability, translation, and immune responses, with implications for host-pathogen interactions and RNA virus replication. Pseudouridine (Ψ), the most abundant RNA modification, contributes to tRNA stability, function, and mRNA translation regulation, shedding light on its biological significance. Epi transcriptomics plays a pivotal role in various diseases, with dysregulated RNA modifications increasingly associated with cancer and neurological disorders, offering promising avenues for tailored therapies and diagnostic tools in personalized medicine. This abstract underscores the transformative impact of modern epi transcriptomics research, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our understanding of RNA biology, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. As research delves deeper into RNA modifications, the discoveries hold promise for novel treatments and precision medicine approaches. In the ever-evolving landscape of molecular analysis, the study of epi transcriptomics continues to illuminate the intricate workings of RNA. This research paves the way for groundbreaking advancements in personalized medicine and targeted therapeutic interventions by uncovering the nuances of RNA modifications

Beneath the Soil: Exploring Nematode Fauna Dynamics and Crop Infection Patterns in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

2023-11-27T11:11:12+01:00

Background: This study looks into how nematodes change over time and how often they infect different crops in and around the Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh, India. These crops include tubers, roots, bulbous plants, and cole crops. Main Body: Nematodes, diminutive worm-like organisms, possess the potential to inflict substantial harm upon agricultural crops, resulting in yield reductions and significant economic repercussions for farmers. Grasping the extent and dynamics of nematode infestations is paramount in formulating effective management strategies. The survey will involve collecting soil and crop samples from various locations in the Bareilly district and neighboring regions. These samples will be analyzed using conventional techniques to identify and quantify nematode species. This will allow for the determination of infection rates in different crop categories. Conclusion: The findings will yield invaluable insights into nematode fauna dynamics, species diversity, and region-specific infection trends, thereby informing the development of precise control measures aimed at mitigating crop losses and fostering enhanced agricultural productivity

Advancing Sustainability: Polyhydroxy Butyrate (PHB) Unveiled - A Comprehensive Review of Eco-friendly Applications

2023-11-27T11:13:04+01:00

Plastic has become the most demanded substance in the various industries of manufacturing. The increased demand and extreme use of plastic is the biggest threat to global environmental pollution. Environmental plastic pollution is a challenge to all living forms on Earth, including terrestrial, celestial, and aquatic ecosystems. Bioplastic or biopolymer is a recommended alternative to overcome petrochemical plastic’s consequences and pollution threats. Petrochemical materials can be replaced by using eco-friendly polymers. Eco-friendly polymers can be developed with the help of microorganisms using organic waste material as a substrate. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) are frequently known biopolymers. Their chemical and physical properties are compatible with the petrochemical polymers. The (PHA.) Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Ecological, Recyclable, and biodegradable. This article focuses on eco-friendly polymer production from microorganisms that use waste material as a carbon source for PHA accumulation

Eco-friendly Approach for the Degradation of Food Waste

2023-11-27T11:15:12+01:00

Food waste is a serious problem globally. The management of food waste requires solutions on an urgent basis. The use of chemicals is costly, time-consuming, and causes pollution. The study here involves the degradation of food waste, viz., hotel, kitchen, and hostel areas, using Bacillus, Alcaligenes, and Streptomyces sp. and a consortium of these microorganisms. The reduction in weight and volume was calculated for the degradation of food waste. There was about 45% reduction in the weight and volume of the food waste without any foul smell. Using microorganisms to degrade food waste is simple, cheap, and eco-friendly.