GUJJARS AND BAKARWALS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR VIS-À-VIS EDUCATIONAL STATUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Tribal population in India add more to its diversity and dignity. Around 700 total Scheduled Tribes in the country (Ministry of Tribal Affairs Government of India, 2013) that constitute 8.6% of the total population of the nation (Kumar, Pathak, & Ruikar, 2020). Out of total 12 Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir Gujjars and Bakarwals in majority both together are more than 85%. Education to the tribes a great challenge and difficult task for the government because of their lifestyles. So, in the present paper the researcher intended to get acquainted with Educational Status of Gujjars and Bakarwals in contrast with other tribes of Union Territory and Scheduled Tribes at the national level and the challenges that they are facing in their education. The present paper is review of the past literature from different online sources. The past results Educational Status of Gujjars and Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir is low as compared to the other tribes of Jammu and Kashmir and STs of India but recorded an enhancement in their literacy rate over the decades. The educational status of Gujjars was found better than the Bakarwals tribes of Jammu and Kashmir. It has been also revealed that the remoteness, life on hilly terrains, parental attitude, low economic status, domestic work, long distance to school, teachers refusing to work in hard settings, girl's early marriages, etc. are some major challenges and obstacles to the education of Scheduled Tribes Gujjars and Bakarwals.